Week 3 Reading Outline

Week S-3 Reading Notes


Revolution and Enlightenment (508-534)



A Story that Matters – Galileo on Trial

Why do you think Galileo recanted his discovery and beliefs after his trial?

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The Scientific Revolution

Background to the Revolution

What changes in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries helped the natural philosophers develop new views? ______________________________________________________

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Revolution in Astronomy

Geocentric: ___________________________________________________________



Ptolemaic syestem: _____________________________________________________



Nicholas Copernicus: ____________________________________________________



Heliocentric: __________________________________________________________



Galileo Galilei: _________________________________________________________



Isaac Newton: __________________________________________________________



Universial law of gravitation: ______________________________________________

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Name the four great mathematicians who had a profound impact on astronomy.

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Breakthroughs in Medicine and Chemistry

Robert Boyle: ___________________________________________________________



How did Vesalius and Harvey disprove many of Galen’s theories? __________________

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Women and the Origins of Modern Science

Margaret Cavendish: ______________________________________________________



Maria Winkelman: _________________________________________________________



How did Margaret Cavendish and Maria Winkelman contribute to the Scientific Revolution?

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Descartes and Reason

Rene Descartes: __________________________________________________________



Rationalism: _____________________________________________________________



What is the significance of Decartes’s principal of the separation of mind and matter?

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The Scientific Method

Scientific method: ________________________________________________________



Francis Bacon: ___________________________________________________________



Inductive Reasoning: _____________________________________________________



What are the characteristics of the Scientific method? ___________________________

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The Enlightenment

Path to the Enlightenment

John Locke: _____________________________________________________________



What was Newton’s main contribution to Enlightenment thought? ________________

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Philosophers and Their Ideas

Philosophe: ______________________________________________________________



Montesquieu: ____________________________________________________________



Separation of Powers: ______________________________________________________



Voltaire: _________________________________________________________________



Deism: __________________________________________________________________



Denis Diderot: ____________________________________________________________



What were the major contributions of Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Diderot to the Enlightment?

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Toward a New Social Science

Laissez-faire: ______________________________________________________________



Adam Smith: ______________________________________________________________



What is the concept of Laissez-faire? __________________________________________

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The Later Enlightenment

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: _____________________________________________________



Mary Wollstoncraft: ________________________________________________________



Social Contract: ____________________________________________________________



What were Rousseau’s basic theories as presented in The Social Contract and Emile?

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Rights of Women

How did Mary Wollstonecraft use the Enlightment ideal of reason to advocate rights for women? ________________________________________________________________

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Social World of the Enlightenment

Salon: __________________________________________________________________



What was the importance of the Salons? ______________________________________

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Religion in the Enlightenment

John Wesley: ______________________________________________________________



What were some of the central ideas of Methodism? ______________________________

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The Impact of the Enlightenment



The Arts

Rococo: _________________________________________________________________



Bach: ___________________________________________________________________



Handel: _________________________________________________________________



Haydn: __________________________________________________________________



Mozart: _________________________________________________________________



What were the characteristics of the rococo style? _______________________________

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Enlightenment and Enlightened Absolutism

Enlightened absolutism: _____________________________________________________



Frederick the Great: _________________________________________________________



Maria Theresa: _____________________________________________________________



Catherine the Great: _________________________________________________________



What effect did enlightened reforms have in Prussia, Austria and Russia? _______________

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War of Austrian Succession

Name the countries that fought on each side during the War of Austrian Succession.

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The Seven Years War

How did Great Britain become the world’s greatest colonial power? __________________

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